This review article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of T cell receptor (TCR) #endocytosis and recycling, both in steady state and after T cell activation. It also discusses the experimental evidence in favor of endosomal TCR signaling and its possible consequences for T cell activation. #immunology #biology Abstract Antigen T cell receptors (TCR) recognize antigenic peptides displayed by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) and play a critical role in T cell activa

The new (2020) #impactfactor for Biomedical Journal is 4.91. The journal continues to improve. We thank all authors and editors for your contributions! #biomedical #biology #medicine #immunology #cellbiology #development #biochemistry #metabolism #surgery https://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomedical-journal#/

#genomics #microbiology #biology #bacteriophage #phage #syntheticbiology Scientists created a synthetic genome for a bacterium that made the microbe immune to viral infection. When exposed to a cocktail of bacteriophages, the designer Escherichia coli remained unscathed. An unmodified version of the bacterium quickly died. Many of the fundamental features of life don't necessarily have to be the way they are. Chance plays a major role in evolution, and there are always altern

#evolution #biology #molecularbiology #microbiology Histones, as linchpins of the apparatus for gene regulation, play a role in almost every function of eukaryotic cells. “In order to get complex, you have to have genome complexity, and evolve new gene families, and you have to have a cell cycle,” explained William Martin, an evolutionary biologist and biochemist at Heinrich Heine University in Germany. “And what’s in the middle of all this? Managing your DNA.” New work on th

#parasite #parasitology #Trypanosoma #Chagas #immunology #biology Cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes (EAs) relies significantly upon the host cell actin cytoskeleton. In past decades EAs have been established as a reliable model for phagocytosis inducer in non-phagocytic cells. Our current hypothesis is that EAs engage a phagocytosis-like mechanism in non-professional phagocytic cells; however, the molecular mechanisms in professional phagocytes stil

Researchers found that human oocytes contain an unbalanced number of chromosomes around 7% of the time. This suggests that improper meiosis is surprisingly common, regardless of a mother’s age. #biology #genetics #meiosis #cellbiology Figure below: Human karyotype with colour added to distinguish chromosome pairs. https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/human-egg-cells-are-imperfect-too-often/