Immune-microbiome coordination defines interferon setpoints in healthy humans

 Highlights

• Comprehensive multi-omic analysis of the immune system and microbiome in healthy humans

• Major axes of immune variation are driven by interferon response signatures

• Specific immune cell states are coordinated with microbiome pathways and metabolites

• Coordinated immune and microbiome features are stable within individuals over time

Summary

Human immune systems are highly variable, with most variation attributable to non-genetic sources. The gut microbiome crucially shapes the immune system; however, its relationship with the baseline immune states of healthy humans remains incompletely understood. Therefore, we performed multi-omic profiling of 110 healthy participants through the ImmunoMicrobiome study. A factor-based integrative approach identified coordinated variation, revealing that the interferon response was amongst the most variable immune features in healthy participants. Microbiome composition, pathways, and stool metabolites varied concomitantly with interferon response pathways. Longitudinal data spanning more than a year indicated the significant stability of these parameters within individuals over time. Our study provides extensive data to examine the relationship between the immune states and microbiomes of healthy individuals at steady state, which paves the way for delineating inter-individual differences relevant for disease susceptibility and responses to therapy.

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867426001686