Highlights Organic acid-based DESs act against colistin- and methicillin-resistant strains. T-glycoline–nanoparticle mix enhances activity against MRSA. Organic DESs eliminate mature biofilms and damage bacterial cells. T-glycoline and oxaline reduce titres of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Nanoparticles enhance the safety of DESs. ABSTRACT The escalating threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms and viral contamination in the healthcare and food industries thre

HIGHLIGHT Cyclic-di-AMP is a non-canonical driver of methicillin resistance in MRSA Sub-MIC methicillin and biofilms elevate c-di-AMP via DacA upregulation Elevated c-di-AMP activates STING and skews macrophage responses FDA approved drugs Tropinone and eucalyptol identified as DacA inhibitors DacA inhibition restores β-lactam susceptibility in MRSA Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major clinical challenge due to persistent β-la

Highlights HSI#6 is a rapid, micromolar, broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent. Triggers immediate, multi-pathway cell envelope stress responses. Drives temporal omics reprogramming toward metabolic shutdown. Shows transcriptomic similarity to ionophores yet a distinct MOA. Exhibits low resistance evolution with compensatory topA mutations. Abstract The continuous risk of antibiotic resistance development underscores the demand for new agents with mechanisms distinct from exist

Highlights Vitamin B12 induces stable small-colony variants (SCVs) in CRAB. SCVs exhibit reduced cefiderocol killing and regrowth. Mutations affect iron uptake, envelope structure, and metabolism. Co-exposure enriches SCVs with siderophore and BfmRS changes. Nutrients modulate antibiotic efficacy and persistence in CRAB. ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a serious threat, and resistance is emerging to cefiderocol, one of the few remaining treatme

Highlights soxR mutations cause constitutive activation of SmeVWX and MfsA efflux pumps. Mutations in soxR confer resistant to levofloxacin, a drug option for S. maltophilia. Single R49 substitution activates SoxR and drives multidrug resistance. Abstract Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen. Its antimicrobial resistance arises from intrinsic traits and acquired mechanisms. Overexpression of drug efflux transporters is one

Highlights Smolstatin1 clusters with other myxozoan cystatin-like stefins Smolstatin1 is upregulated during sporogony and localizes to cell compartments and parasite surface Smolstatin1 inhibits host and parasite cysteine proteases, mainly cathepsin L RNAi-mediated Smolstatin1 knockdown impairs parasite motility and alters cell morphology Smolstatin1 crystallizes as an unusual domain-swapped dimer Abstract Stefins, members of the cystatin superfamily, regulate cysteine protea

Highlights 76 endophytic bacteria were isolated from Halocnemum strobilaceum from Murcia (Spain). Most isolates (96.05%) exhibited plant growth-promoting traits in vitro. Selected strains in a consortium enhanced Medicago sativa growth under salinity stress. Four novel species for agricultural biotechnological applications were described. Abstract Halophytes are considered promising sources of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria for biotechnological applications in agricultu

Highlights First experimental validation for anti-MPXV activity of BTE and BBE BTE/BBE exert synergistic antiviral effects when combined mutually or with 3HP-β-LG Broadens the source diversity of antiviral agents against orthopoxviruses BTE and BBE have promising application in high-risk and resource-limited regions Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreaks primarily affect resource-limited regions in Africa, highlighting an urgent need for low-cost, accessible therapeutics.

Highlights Dietary soy enhances L. reuteri and M. intestinale colonization in the small intestine Dietary soy promotes Tfh cell and IgA responses in the Peyer’s patches of weaning mice L. reuteri provides cognate antigens, while M. intestinale drives IL-1β production Soy-induced IgA is polyreactive and protects against Salmonella infection Summary The commensal microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping mucosal immunity, particularly in the induction of T follicular helper (T

Highlights CheW2 negatively regulated the expression of outer membrane proteins in V. splendidus ClpP degraded CheW2 based on the recognization of its AA motif at the N terminal Pseudoalteromonas sp. H2 attenuated the expression of clpP gene of V. splendidus AJ01 Abstract In mariculture ecosystems where Vibrio spp. are predominant pathogens, effective biocontrol through antagonistic probiotics remains an unresolved biological challenge. Here, the Pseudoalteromonas sp. H2 stra

Highlights Sesame-flavor Baijiu fermentation was performed using different sorghum varieties. Microbial interactions affected volatile formation differently in sorghum varieties. Cultivar-specific physicochemical traits modulate microbial consortia structure. Sorghum selection can format flavor paradigm and standardize Baijiu quality. Abstract Sorghum is a key raw ingredient in the fermentation of Sesame-flavor Baijiu (SFB). However, studies on the microbial and metabolic dyn

Highlights This study systematically analyzed alterations in the ocular surface microbiome of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) via metagenomic sequencing, with comparisons to Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls (HC). The β-diversity of the ocular surface microbiome in PSP-RS patients was significantly altered compared to HC, while no such obvious difference was observed in PD patients. PSP-RS patients exhibited inc

Highlights The S. maltophilia MntH importer contributes to H2O2 resistance and intracellular survival The Mn exporter MntP limits toxicity even at sub-inhibitory Mn²⁺ concentrations The S. maltophilia MntR regulated genes include the extracytoplasmic TBDR-pTFP module The TBDR-pTFP locus is specifically induced under combined Mn2+ and Fe2+ limitation S. maltophilia Mn homeostasis is linked to iron availability and oxidative stress responses ABSTRACT Manganese homeostasis is es

Highlights Bifidobacterium stercoris KC84 alleviates IBS-D-like symptoms in mouse and rat models KC84 modulates serotonin-related pathways associated with diarrhea KC84 induces IFN-β production from colonic dendritic cells IFN-β is associated with reduced intestinal smooth muscle contractility Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a prevalent disorder that significantly impairs quality of life, yet therapeutic advances remain limited. Serotonin dysregulat

Highlights Maternal helminths promote offspring antiviral immunity via the microbiota Helminth-altered microbiota produce IPA, which drives antiviral protection IPA induces lung epithelial type I interferon responses to promote antiviral immunity Helminth-endemic human microbiota are enriched in the tryptophan metabolism pathway Summary Maternal environmental exposures can alter microbiome composition and lead to changes in offspring immunity. Industrialization has led to sig

Abstract The circadian clock enables organisms to predict daily environmental changes and synchronise their physiology and behaviour accordingly. Macrophages, key sensor cells in the innate immune system, exhibit cell-autonomous circadian rhythmicity. This circadian rhythmic behaviour is synchronised to the central clock in the hypothalamus as a result of neural, and hormonal signals. Macrophage rhythms and responses involve sensing temporal cues, integrating information from

Highlights Streptomyces are enriched in roots during drought via suppressed immunity and Fe uptake Drought-induced suppression of iron uptake is conserved across ∼160 mya of plant evolution Some Streptomyces improve plant performance under drought and low iron Plant benefits are independent of enrichment and instead driven by intra-genus antagonism Summary Drought reshapes the plant root microbiota, yet the mechanistic drivers and consequences of this observation remain uncle

Highlights ANDV can be isolated in cell culture only in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. The monitoring of close contacts of ANDV cases allows to identify prospective cases. We isolated a new ANDV human strain from an early blood sample of a secondary case. CHI-Hu13724 is a different haplotype from the previous ANDV reference strains. Isolation of currently zoonotic ANDV strains helps the study of viral pathogenicity. Abstract Andes virus (ANDV) is a zoonotic orthohant

Highlights A classically anaerobic pathogen creates and thrives in a localized oxidative niche BFT rewires epithelial metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to fermentation Host metabolic rewiring increases lactate and oxygen in the ETBF niche BFT enables ETBF to adapt to this oxidative niche and promote colonization Summary To colonize their host and cause disease, enteric pathogens must deploy their virulence factors to establish distinct nutrient niches. How anaerobic p

Highlights The transition from a planktonic to a sessile lifestyle in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is driven by a massive transcriptomic reprogramming involving 17.7% of the genome. Sessile growth involves cell envelope remodeling and lower anabolic activity. While nitrogen deficiency and salinity promote biofilm formation, iron deficiency exerts contrasting effects on sessile development. Stress-adaptation pathways are directly linked to biofilm development. Abstract Cyanobacteria