Highlights A single-cohort metaproteomics study of 1,967 fecal samples Associations of gut metaproteome with 44 phenotypes Microbial functional shifts associated with aging, metabolic diseases, and drugs Megasphaera elsdenii  may contribute to blood glucose regulation Summary The protein-level functionalities of the human gut microbiota in large populations, and their associations with host factors, remain unexplored. This study reports a metaproteomic study of 1,967 fecal sa

Highlights The flavor, nutritional, and probiotic properties of kefir are intrinsically linked to its distinctive microbial communities. Both traditional and modern production methods of kefir exhibit certain inherent limitations. Synthetic kefir microbial communities and kefir-like starter cultures have been proposed as innovative production approaches for kefir. Abstract Kefir, a millennia-old symbiotic fermented dairy product, has emerged as a focal point of research in th

Highlights Proteome analysis supports  Chroococcidiopsis  sp. 029 for ISRU on Mars. Perchlorates induce enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants responses. Perchlorates activate secondary metabolism and polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis. Chroococcidiopsis  sp. 029 harbors methylotrophic potential for life support systems. Abstract Space exploration demands sustainable technologies to minimize reliance on Earth-based resources. The extreme-tolerant cyanobacterium  Chroococcidio

Highlights Comprehensive multi-omic analysis of the immune system and microbiome in healthy humans Major axes of immune variation are driven by interferon response signatures Specific immune cell states are coordinated with microbiome pathways and metabolites Coordinated immune and microbiome features are stable within individuals over time Summary Human immune systems are highly variable, with most variation attributable to non-genetic sources. The gut microbiome crucially s

Highlights HDV triggers innate immune sensing but largely escapes interferon-mediated control Nuclear replication limits HDV exposure to antiviral interferon-stimulated genes HDV selectively impairs IFN-α signaling through USP18-mediated negative feedback Interferon efficacy against HDV varies across viral genotypes and cell models Understanding HDV-IFN interactions is key to optimizing future combination therapies Abstract Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection represents a major

Highlights Whole-exome sequencing in severe rotavirus cases identified seven candidate SNPs, several linked to gastrointestinal cancer pathways. Transcriptomic and epigenomic data supported functional involvement of top candidate genes and suggested roles in cancer progression. Polygenic risk score analyses indicated reduced gastrointestinal cancer risk among individuals with severe early-life RV infection. Evidence of recent positive selection in key SNPs supports a model of

Highlights Deltaviruses hitchhike within helper virus virions, using them as viral Trojan Horses The Trojan Horse model is mandatory for productive herpesvirus-deltavirus associations This mode of propagation favors deltavirus infectivity Trojan Horse model warrants screening for extra-hepatic deltavirus infections in humans Summary Hepatitis D-like satellite viruses, known as deltaviruses, have been recently discovered in a wide range of animals. These viruses are thought to

HIGHLIGHTS Cross-cohort meta-analysis reveals reproducible gut microbiome signatures of insomnia Eight conserved gut taxa are consistently associated with insomnia across studies A small number of gut microbes drive most insomnia-associated functional shifts The Burkholderia - Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (BCP) complex drives key functions Microbial metabolic changes may indirectly shape host immune and neural states ABSTRACT Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder associated

Highlights Human saliva and small intestine harbor peanut (PN) allergen-degrading bacteria Microbes degrade immunodominant PN allergens, reducing IgE binding Microbial PN metabolism alters allergen absorption, mast cell activity, and anaphylaxis PN-degrading  Rothia  abundance is linked to higher PN threshold in patients Summary Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening reaction, often triggered by foods and largely mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig)E. The human micr

La  història dels tractaments dentals  es remunta a milers d'anys. L'abast d'aquest article es limita a la  història  anterior a 1981. El primer exemple conegut de manipulació de  la càries dental  es troba en un home  paleolític , datat entre 14.160 i 13.820  aC . El primer ús conegut d'un  farcit  després de l'eliminació de  la polpa  deteriorada o infectada es troba en un paleolític que va viure prop de l'actual  Toscana , Itàlia, entre 13.000 i 12.740 aC. Encara que no só

Highlights Bacteria trigger extracellular alkalinization to prime defenses in uninfected tissues CPKs phosphorylate and inhibit plasma membrane proton pumps to induce alkalinization Alkaline pH sensitizes perception and production of the phytocytokines Peps and SCOOPs Phytocytokines and alkalinization jointly propagate to promote cell-cell communication Summary Immune activation in plants triggers extracellular alkalinization, presumably by inhibiting plasma membrane H+-ATPas

Highlights Dietary variables had the largest effect on microbiota composition Rustic and conventional rearing conditions led to differential microbiota profiles Rustic rearing favoured  Treponema -enriched, more-diverse microbial profiles Enterotypes were associated with husbandry conditions and faecal water content Underexplored taxa contributed to  in vitro  fibre fermentation and SCFA production Abstract The gut microbiota is shaped profoundly by the diet, environment, and

Highlights Most mutations occurred in genes associated with WTA glycosylation. All mutants exhibited impaired P100 phage binding. Gene mutation patterns appeared serovar-dependent. Serovar 4b-derived mutants showed greater fitness loss than 2a or 2b. Phage-resistance induction led to increased antibiotics sensitivity. Abstract Listeria monocytogenes  is a common bacterial pathogen causing listeriosis. Phage-based products are increasingly used in food safety, but their use ra

Highlights E. bolteae  is enriched in HCC patient feces and correlates with poor prognosis E. bolteae  translocates to the liver and promotes the progression of HCC E. bolteae  surface protein PbpT subverts DSG1 function, thereby activating MAPK signaling Neutralizing antibodies against PbpT suppress tumor growth in murine models Summary The gut microbiota regulates systemic metabolism, inflammation, and immunity, with evidence linking microbiota translocation through the gut

Highlights Virome functions as an independent regulator of small intestinal nutrient sensing Virome elicits distinct responses across different intestinal cell types Virome regulation of carbohydrate sensing depends on immune surveillance Summary The enteric microbiome and nutrient sensing within the small intestine play critical roles in maintaining host metabolic homeostasis. Although various bacteria and some fungi have established functions in nutrient metabolism, the rol

Highlights SCFAs function as gut-derived epigenetic regulators, bridging dietary fiber metabolism to brain-wide chromatin remodeling in neurodegenerative diseases. Butyrate acts as a potent HDAC inhibitor, enhancing histone acetylation to suppress neuroinflammation and promote synaptic plasticity in AD and PD models. SCFAs modulate DNA methylation dynamics via TET-DNMT balance, correcting aberrant gene expression linked to Aβ and α-synuclein pathologies. Emerging evidence pos

Highlights Reconstructed and curated of the genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of  Fusobacterium nucleatum Experimental data used to refine and validate the GEM, including biomass formulation with BOFdat (Biomass Objective Function from experimental data) Integrated transcriptomic data to build context-specific metabolic models Metabolic rewiring links  F. nucleatum  adaptation to colorectal cancer (CRC) context Provides a systems framework to explore host-microbe metabolic i

Highlights A novel virus system rEBV-VSV was developed realizing efficient and native EBV entry via multi-synergetic glycoproteins with sensitive bioluminescence detection. rEBV-VSV was especially competent for rapid and high-throughput entry-inhibition evaluation of drugs, antibodies, or sera and accurate study of EBV entry mechanisms via flexible mutations or recombination on rEBV-VSV. Glycoprotein 42 (gp42) was found to mediate diverse functions of an important mutation L6

Highlights Genome catalog of 4,098  B. infantis  and  B. longum  shows distinct biogeography and ecology B. infantis  is depleted in Westernized populations but highly common in LMIC infants Massively expanded  B. infantis  diversity and functions are absent from current probiotics Geo-specific strain library informs diet- and population-tailored infant probiotic design Summary Bifidobacterium longum  and  B. infantis  are pioneer colonizers of the neonatal gut and are widely

Highlights Administration of the bacteriophage cocktail at a high MOI reduced APEC-induced morbidity and mortality by 20-30% in laying hens, validating its potential as an antimicrobial alternative. The oral route (drinking water) demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy compared to intramuscular injection, resulting in the complete absence of macroscopic lesions and a noticeable reduction in median histopathological scores, particularly in the spleen. The administered phag